Thursday, May 14, 2026

C Compilation Process Explained (Preprocessor, Compiler, Assembler, Linker)

When we write a C program, the computer cannot directly understand our source code. The program must go through a series of steps before it becomes an executable file. This entire procedure is called the Compilation Process.

Most modern C programs are compiled using compilers like GCC and Clang.

Understanding this process is essential for advanced programming, debugging, linking multiple files, and system-level development.

जब हम C प्रोग्राम लिखते हैं, तो कंप्यूटर सीधे हमारे source code को नहीं समझता। उसे executable फ़ाइल में बदलने के लिए कई चरणों से गुजरना पड़ता है। इस पूरी प्रक्रिया को Compilation Process कहा जाता है।

अधिकतर C प्रोग्राम को compile करने के लिए GCC और Clang जैसे compilers का उपयोग किया जाता है।

इस प्रक्रिया को समझना advanced programming और debugging के लिए बहुत आवश्यक है।

Overview of Compilation Stages

Source Code (.c)
      ↓
Preprocessor
      ↓
Compiler
      ↓
Assembler
      ↓
Object File (.o)
      ↓
Linker
      ↓
Executable File

1️⃣ Preprocessing Stage

The preprocessor handles all lines starting with #. प्रीप्रोसेसर उन सभी लाइनों को प्रोसेस करता है जो # से शुरू होती हैं।

Examples:

#include
#define
#ifdef

Command to see preprocessing output:

gcc -E program.c

Output file contains expanded headers and macros.

यह header files को शामिल करता है और macros को expand करता है।

2️⃣ Compilation Stage
In this stage, the compiler translates the preprocessed C code into assembly language.

इस चरण में compiler, C code को assembly language में बदल देता है। यह syntax और type errors की जांच करता है।

Command:

gcc -S program.c

It checks:

Syntax errors
Type checking
Semantic analysis

Output file: program.s

3️⃣ Assembly Stage

The assembler converts assembly code into machine-level instructions.

असेम्बलर असेंबली कोड को मशीन कोड में परिवर्तित करता है।

Command:

gcc -c program.c

Output: program.o (Object File)

इस चरण के बाद .o नाम की object file बनती है।

4️⃣ Linking Stage

The linker combines Object files, Library files and System libraries then it produces the final executable file.

लिंकर कई ऑब्जेक्ट फाइल और लाइब्रेरी को जोड़कर अंतिम executable file बनाता है।

Command:

gcc program.o -o program

If successful, you get:

program.exe (Windows)

a.out (Linux default)

यदि linking सफल होती है, तो executable file तैयार हो जाती है।

Complete Compilation in One Command

Normally we write:

gcc program.c -o program

This internally performs all four stages.

Example Program

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!");
    return 0;
}

Compilation:

gcc hello.c -o hello

Run:

./hello

Output:

Hello, World!

Important Compilation Flags

Flag	Meaning
-E	Preprocess only
-S	Generate assembly
-c	Generate object file
-o	Output filename
-Wall	Show warnings

Why Understanding Compilation is Important?

Helps debug linking errors यह लिंकिंग एरर को समझने में मदद करता है
Required for multi-file programs मल्टीप्ल फाइल प्रोजेक्ट के लिए आवश्यक
Needed for library creation लाइब्रेरी बनाने के लिए जरूरी
Essential for system programming सिस्टम प्रोग्रामिंग के लिए महत्वपूर्ण

Common Errors During Compilation

Syntax error
Undefined reference
Missing header file
Library not linked

5 MCQs (Exam Oriented)

1. Which stage handles macro expansion?

A) Compiler

B) Assembler

C) Preprocessor

D) Linker

✅ Answer: C

2. Object file extension in C is:

A) .exe

B) .o

C) .c

D) .h

✅ Answer: B

3. Which command generates assembly code?

A) gcc -c

B) gcc -E

C) gcc -S

D) gcc -o

✅ Answer: C

4. Linking is responsible for:

A) Syntax checking

B) Combining object files

C) Macro expansion

D) Removing comments

✅ Answer: B

5. Full compilation can be done using:

A) gcc program.c

B) gcc -E

C) gcc -S

D) gcc -c

✅ Answer: A

The C Compilation Process transforms human-readable C code into machine-executable instructions through four major stages: preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking. Mastering this concept makes you a stronger system-level programmer.

C Compilation Process चार मुख्य चरणों के माध्यम से C code को executable machine instructions में बदलता है। इस प्रक्रिया को समझना आपको advanced programmer बनाता है।

Unit 11: Modern High-Level 2026 Topics

It includes:

Memory Alignment
Atomic Operations
Race Conditions
Cache Optimization
CERT C Standards
Static Analysis Tools
ABI
Reverse Engineering
Sanitizers
Embedded Firmware
High Performance APIs

Previous Unit-> Unit 10: System-Level and Modern C Programming

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 10: System-Level and Modern C Programming

The highest level of C mastery.

Topics include:

POSIX Threads
Synchronization & Mutex
IPC
Socket Programming
Embedded C
Real-Time Systems
Kernel Programming
C in Cybersecurity
SIMD Optimization
C11, C17, C23

👉 Read Detailed Unit 10 Notes Here

Previous Unit-> Unit 9: Advanced C Programming Concepts

Next Unit -> Unit 11: Modern High-Level 2026 Topics

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 9: Advanced C Programming Concepts

This unit separates beginner from professional developer.

Topics include:

Preprocessor
Macros
Conditional Compilation
Command Line Arguments
Multi-file Projects
Static & Shared Libraries
Debugging with GDB
Valgrind
Secure Coding Practices
Buffer Overflow Prevention
Undefined Behavior

👉 Read Detailed Unit 9 Notes Here

Previous Unit -> Unit 8: File Handling and Persistent Storage

Next Unit -> Unit 10: System-Level and Modern C

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 8: File Handling and Persistent Storage

Real-world data processing begins here.

Topics include:

File Streams
Text vs Binary Files
CRUD Operations
Random File Access
File Encryption
CSV Processing
Logging Systems

👉 Read Detailed Unit 8 Notes Here

Previous Unit -> Unit 7: Structures and Advanced Data Structures

Next Unit -> Unit 9: Advanced C Programming Concepts

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 7: Structures and Advanced Data Structures

From memory design to real structures.

Topics include:

Structures and Unions
Bit-fields
Linked Lists
Stack and Queue
Circular & Doubly Linked List
Trees and BST
Hash Tables

👉 Read Detailed Unit 7 Notes Here

Previous Unit -> Unit 6: Pointers and Memory Management

Next Unit -> Unit 8: File Handling and Persistent Storage

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 6: Pointers and Memory Management

The most powerful and dangerous feature of C.

Topics include:

Pointer Arithmetic
Double and Triple Pointers
Void Pointers
Function Pointers
Dynamic Memory Allocation
malloc(), calloc(), realloc()
Memory Leaks
Smart Memory Handling

👉 Read Detailed Unit 6 Notes Here

Previous Unit -> Unit 5: Arrays, Strings and Algorithms

Next Unit -> Unit 7: Structures and Advanced Data Structures

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 5: Arrays, Strings and Algorithms

This unit connects C to algorithm design.

Topics include:

1D and Multi-dimensional Arrays
Matrix Operations
String Implementation
Searching Algorithms
Sorting Algorithms
Merge Sort
Quick Sort
Algorithm Optimization
Dynamic Arrays

👉 Read Detailed Unit 5 Notes Here

Previous Unit -> Unit 4: Functions and Modular Programming

Next Unit-> Unit 6: Pointers and Memory Management

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 4: Functions and Modular Programming

Professional software architecture begins here.

Topics include:

Function Prototype
Scope and Lifetime
Recursion
Tail Recursion
Inline Functions
Header Files
Call by Value vs Reference
Variable Arguments
Stack Frames
Function Pointers
Callback Mechanism

👉 Read Detailed Unit 4 Notes Here

Previous Unit-> Unit 3: Control Statements and Logic Building

Next Unit -> Unit 5: Arrays, Strings and Algorithms

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 3: Control Statements and Logic Building

This unit focuses on algorithmic thinking and logic mastery.

Topics include:

if, switch, ternary
for, while, do-while
Loop Optimization
break, continue, goto
Decision Trees
Pattern Programming
Time Complexity Basics

👉 Read Detailed Unit 3 Notes Here

Previous Unit-> Unit 2: Tokens, Data Types and Operators

Next Topic -> Unit 4: Functions and Modular Programming

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 2: Tokens, Data Types and Operators

This unit builds strong syntax-level clarity and data handling precision.

Topics include:

Keywords and Identifiers
Constants and Variables
Primitive and Derived Data Types
Type Qualifiers
typedef and Enumeration
Operator Types
Bitwise Operations
Type Casting
Integer Overflow
Floating Point Precision

👉 Read Detailed Unit 2 Notes Here

Previous Unit-> Unit 1: Computer Architecture and C Environment

Next Unit-> Unit 3: Control Statements and Logic Building

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Unit 1: Computer Architecture and C Environment

This unit builds the foundation of how C interacts with hardware and operating systems.

Topics Covered:

Classification of Programming Languages
Structured / Modular Programming
Control Structures (Sequential, Selection, Iterative)
Top-Down & Bottom-Up Approach
SDLC and Problem Solving , Algorithm , Flowchart
History & Evolution of C
Structure of C Program , Basic and Important C Programs with Output
Compilation Process
GCC, Clang, MinGW
VS Code Setup
Object Files
Static vs Dynamic Linking
Linux Environment for C
Memory Layout (Stack, Heap, BSS, Data, Text Segment)

Next Unit-> Unit 2: Tokens, Data Types and Operators

Back To -> Main Syllabus

Wednesday, May 13, 2026

C Program to Calculate Simple Interest with Output, Simple Interest Program in C Language

Simple Interest is one of the most common mathematical calculations used in banking, finance, education, and accounting systems. In C language, we can easily calculate Simple Interest using arithmetic operators and basic input-output functions.

Simple Interest बैंकिंग, finance, education तथा accounting systems में उपयोग होने वाली सबसे सामान्य mathematical calculations में से एक है। C language में arithmetic operators तथा basic input-output functions की सहायता से Simple Interest आसानी से निकाला जा सकता है।

Formula of Simple Interest साधारण ब्याज का सूत्र

The formula used to calculate Simple Interest is:

Simple Interest निकालने के लिए निम्न formula का उपयोग किया जाता है:

SI=P*R*T/100

Where:

P = Principal Amount मूलधन
R = Rate of Interest ब्याज दर
T = Time समय
SI = Simple Interest साधारण ब्याज

Algorithm एल्गोरिथ्म

Start the program
Declare variables p, r, t, and si
Input principal, rate, and time
Calculate simple interest using formula
Display the result
Stop the program

C Program to Calculate Simple Interest साधारण ब्याज निकालने का सी प्रोग्राम

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float p,r,t,si;
    printf("Enter Principal Amount: ");
    scanf("%f",&p);
    printf("Enter Rate of Interest: ");
    scanf("%f",&r);
    printf("Enter Time: ");
    scanf("%f",&t);
    si = (p*r*t)/100;
    printf("Simple Interest = %.2f",si);
    return 0;
}

Output आउटपुट

Enter Principal Amount: 10000
Enter Rate of Interest: 5
Enter Time: 2
Simple Interest = 1000.00

Explanation of the Program प्रोग्राम की व्याख्या

#include<stdio.h>

This header file is used for standard input and output functions like printf() and scanf().

यह header file printf() तथा scanf() जैसे standard input-output functions के लिए उपयोग होती है।

int main()

The execution of every C program starts from the main() function.

प्रत्येक C program का execution main() function से शुरू होता है।

float p,r,t,si;

These variables are declared to store:

Principal Amount
Rate of Interest
Time
Simple Interest

इन variables का उपयोग निम्न values store करने के लिए किया जाता है:

Principal Amount
Rate of Interest
Time
Simple Interest

scanf()

scanf() function is used to accept input from the user.

scanf() function user से input लेने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।

si = (prt)/100;

This statement calculates the Simple Interest using the mathematical formula.

यह statement mathematical formula की सहायता से Simple Interest की गणना करता है।

printf()

printf() function is used to display output on the screen.

printf() function स्क्रीन पर output प्रदर्शित करने के लिए उपयोग होता है।

Real-Life Applications वास्तविक जीवन में उपयोग

Simple Interest calculation is used in:

Banking Systems
Loan Management
Finance Applications
Educational Software
Accounting Systems

Important Viva Questions महत्वपूर्ण Viva Questions

Q1. What is Simple Interest?

Simple Interest is the interest calculated only on the principal amount.

Simple Interest वह ब्याज है जो केवल मूलधन पर निकाला जाता है।

Q2. Which operator is used for multiplication in C?

The * operator is used for multiplication.

C language में multiplication के लिए * operator उपयोग होता है।

Q3. Which header file is required for printf() and scanf()?

stdio.h header file is required.

printf() तथा scanf() के लिए stdio.h header file आवश्यक होती है।

This program is one of the best beginner-level C programs for understanding arithmetic operations, variables, formulas, and input-output handling. It helps students build a strong foundation in programming logic and mathematical implementation using C language.

यह program beginners के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण C programs में से एक है क्योंकि इससे arithmetic operations, variables, formulas तथा input-output handling को समझने में सहायता मिलती है। यह C language में programming logic तथा mathematical implementation की मजबूत नींव तैयार करता है।

Basic and Important C Programs महत्वपूर्ण एवं सामान्य सी प्रोग्राम (Sequential Structure Programs)

Sequential structure programs are the simplest programs in C language where statements are executed one after another in sequence. These programs help beginners understand variables, operators, input-output functions, formulas, and basic program logic.

Sequential structure programs C language के सबसे सरल programs होते हैं जिनमें statements क्रमवार execute होते हैं। ये programs विद्यार्थियों को variables, operators, input-output functions, formulas तथा basic programming logic समझने में सहायता करते हैं।

1. C Program to Calculate Simple Interest
1. Simple Interest निकालने का C Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float p,r,t,si;
    printf("Enter Principal, Rate and Time:\n");
    scanf("%f%f%f",&p,&r,&t);
    si = p*r*t/100;
    printf("Simple Interest = %.2f",si);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter Principal, Rate and Time:
1000
5
2
Simple Interest = 100.00

2. C Program to Find ASCII Value of a Character
2. Character का ASCII Value ज्ञात करने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    char ch;
    printf("Enter any character: ");
    scanf("%c",&ch);
    printf("ASCII Value = %d",ch);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter any character: A
ASCII Value = 65

3. C Program to Find Area of Triangle using Heron’s Formula
3. Heron’s Formula से Triangle का Area निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
    float a,b,c,s,area;
    printf("Enter three sides of triangle:\n");
    scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
    s = (a+b+c)/2;
    area = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
    printf("Area of Triangle = %.2f",area);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter three sides of triangle:
3
4
5
Area of Triangle = 6.00

4. C Program for Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division
4. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication एवं Division का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a,b;
    printf("Enter two numbers:\n");
    scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
    printf("Addition = %d\n",a+b);
    printf("Subtraction = %d\n",a-b);
    printf("Multiplication = %d\n",a*b);
    printf("Division = %d\n",a/b);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers:
20
10
Addition = 30
Subtraction = 10
Multiplication = 200
Division = 2

5. C Program to Find Area and Circumference of Circle
5. Circle का Area एवं Circumference निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float r,area,circumference;
    printf("Enter radius of circle: ");
    scanf("%f",&r);
    area = 3.14*r*r;
    circumference = 2*3.14*r;
    printf("Area = %.2f\n",area);
    printf("Circumference = %.2f",circumference);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter radius of circle: 7
Area = 153.86
Circumference = 43.96

6. C Program to Swap Two Variables without Third Variable
6. Third Variable के बिना Variables Swap करने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a,b;
    printf("Enter two numbers:\n");
    scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
    a = a+b;
    b = a-b;
    a = a-b;
    printf("After Swapping:\n");
    printf("a = %d\nb = %d",a,b);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers:
10
20
After Swapping:
a = 20
b = 10

7. C Program to Swap Two Variables using Third Variable
7. Third Variable का उपयोग करके Variables Swap करने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a,b,temp;
    printf("Enter two numbers:\n");
    scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
    temp = a;
    a = b;
    b = temp;
    printf("After Swapping:\n");
    printf("a = %d\nb = %d",a,b);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers:
15
25
After Swapping:
a = 25
b = 15

8. C Program to Find Square, Cube and Square Root
8. Square, Cube एवं Square Root निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
    float n;
    printf("Enter any number: ");
    scanf("%f",&n);
    printf("Square = %.2f\n",n*n);
    printf("Cube = %.2f\n",n*n*n);
    printf("Square Root = %.2f",sqrt(n));
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter any number: 9
Square = 81.00
Cube = 729.00
Square Root = 3.00

9. C Program to Calculate Gross Salary
9. Gross Salary निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float basic,hra,da,gross;
    printf("Enter Basic Salary: ");
    scanf("%f",&basic);
    hra = basic*20/100;
    da = basic*80/100;
    gross = basic + hra + da;
    printf("Gross Salary = %.2f",gross);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter Basic Salary: 10000
Gross Salary = 20000.00

10. C Program to Convert Celsius into Fahrenheit
10. Celsius को Fahrenheit में Convert करने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float c,f;
    printf("Enter temperature in Celsius: ");
    scanf("%f",&c);
    f = (9*c/5)+32;
    printf("Temperature in Fahrenheit = %.2f",f);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter temperature in Celsius: 37
Temperature in Fahrenheit = 98.60

11. C Program to Calculate Percentage of Five Subjects
11. पाँच विषयों का Percentage निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float a,b,c,d,e,total,per;
    printf("Enter marks of five subjects:\n");
    scanf("%f%f%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e);
    total = a+b+c+d+e;
    per = total/5;
    printf("Total Marks = %.2f\n",total);
    printf("Percentage = %.2f",per);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter marks of five subjects:
80
75
90
85
70
Total Marks = 400.00
Percentage = 80.00

12. C Program to Find Area of Rectangle
12. Rectangle का Area निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float l,b,area;
    printf("Enter length and breadth:\n");
    scanf("%f%f",&l,&b);
    area = l*b;
    printf("Area of Rectangle = %.2f",area);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter length and breadth:
10
5
Area of Rectangle = 50.00

13. C Program to Find Area of Square
13. Square का Area निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float side,area;
    printf("Enter side of square: ");
    scanf("%f",&side);
    area = side*side;
    printf("Area of Square = %.2f",area);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter side of square: 6
Area of Square = 36.00

14. C Program to Convert Days into Years, Months and Days
14. Days को Years, Months और Days में Convert करने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int days,years,months,remaining;
    printf("Enter total days: ");
    scanf("%d",&days);
    years = days/365;
    remaining = days%365;
    months = remaining/30;
    remaining = remaining%30;
    printf("Years = %d\n",years);
    printf("Months = %d\n",months);
    printf("Days = %d",remaining);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter total days: 500
Years = 1
Months = 4
Days = 15

15. C Program to Find Average of Three Numbers
15. तीन संख्याओं का Average निकालने का Program

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float a,b,c,avg;
    printf("Enter three numbers:\n");
    scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
    avg = (a+b+c)/3;
    printf("Average = %.2f",avg);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter three numbers:
10
20
30
Average = 20.00

Sequential structure programs are the foundation of C programming. These programs help beginners understand input-output operations, variables, formulas, arithmetic operations, and program execution flow. Mastering these basic programs builds a strong base for learning advanced programming concepts such as conditional statements, loops, arrays, functions, pointers, and data structures.

Sequential structure programs C programming की नींव हैं। ये programs विद्यार्थियों को input-output operations, variables, formulas, arithmetic operations तथा program execution flow समझने में सहायता करते हैं। इन basic programs में mastery प्राप्त करने से आगे के advanced topics जैसे conditional statements, loops, arrays, functions, pointers तथा data structures सीखना आसान हो जाता है।

Structure of a C Program सी प्रोग्राम की संरचना

Every programming language follows a specific structure or format for writing programs. In C language, a program is divided into different sections, where each section performs a particular task. Understanding the structure of a C program is very important because it helps beginners learn how C programs are organized, compiled, and executed.

प्रत्येक प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज में प्रोग्राम लिखने का एक निश्चित प्रारूप या संरचना होती है। C language में भी program को विभिन्न sections में विभाजित किया जाता है, जहाँ प्रत्येक section एक विशेष कार्य करता है। C program की संरचना को समझना अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि इससे विद्यार्थियों को यह समझने में सहायता मिलती है कि C programs कैसे organize, compile तथा execute होते हैं।

Basic Structure of a C Program सी प्रोग्राम का मूल स्ट्रक्चर

A standard C program generally contains the following sections:

एक सामान्य C program निम्न sections से मिलकर बना होता है:

Include Section
Global Constants and Macro Section
Function Declaration Section
Main Function Section
User-Defined Function Section

1. Include Section

The Include Section contains header files required by the program. Header files provide predefined functions and libraries to perform input-output operations, mathematical calculations, string handling, and other system tasks.

Include Section में वे header files शामिल की जाती हैं जिनकी आवश्यकता program को होती है। Header files predefined functions तथा libraries प्रदान करती हैं जिनकी सहायता से input-output operations, mathematical calculations, string handling तथा अन्य system tasks किए जाते हैं।

This section uses preprocessor directives such as:

इस section में preprocessor directives का उपयोग किया जाता है जैसे:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

Here:

stdio.h is used for standard input-output functions.
conio.h is used for console-related functions.

यहाँ:

stdio.h standard input-output functions के लिए उपयोग होती है।
conio.h console-related functions के लिए उपयोग होती है।

2. Global Constants and Macro Section

This section is used to define global constants, macros, and global variables which can be accessed throughout the program.

इस section का उपयोग global constants, macros तथा global variables को define करने के लिए किया जाता है जिन्हें पूरे program में access किया जा सकता है।

Example:

उदाहरण:

#define PI 3.14

The #define directive is processed before compilation by the preprocessor.

#define directive को compilation से पहले preprocessor द्वारा process किया जाता है।

3. Function Declaration Section

This section contains the declaration or prototype of user-defined functions that are used before the main() function.

इस section में उन user-defined functions की declaration या prototype दी जाती है जिन्हें main() function से पहले उपयोग किया जाना है।

Example:

उदाहरण:

float calculateSI(float,float,float);

Function prototypes help the compiler understand:

Function name
Return type
Number of parameters
Type of parameters

Function prototype compiler को निम्न जानकारी प्रदान करता है:

Function name
Return type
Number of parameters
Type of parameters

4. Main Function Section

The main() function is the most important part of every C program because program execution starts from the main() function.

main() function प्रत्येक C program का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भाग होता है क्योंकि program का execution main() function से ही प्रारंभ होता है।

The main function generally contains:

Variable Declaration
Initialization
Executable Statements
Function Calls
Return Statement

main function में सामान्यतः निम्न भाग होते हैं:

Variable Declaration
Initialization
Executable Statements
Function Calls
Return Statement

Basic Syntax:

मूल Syntax:

int main()
{
    // statements
    return 0;
}

5. User-Defined Function Section

This section contains the definition of user-defined functions created by the programmer.

इस section में programmer द्वारा बनाए गए user-defined functions की definition दी जाती है।

Functions improve:

Code reusability
Program readability
Modular programming

Functions से:

Code reusability बढ़ती है
Program readability बेहतर होती है
Modular programming संभव होती है

Example Program: Simple Interest

C Program for Simple Interest साधारण ब्याज निकालने का सी प्रोग्राम

File Name: si.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
    float p,r,t,si;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter Principal, Rate and Time\n");
    scanf("%f%f%f",&p,&r,&t);
    si = p*r*t/100;
    printf("Simple Interest = %f",si);
    getch();
    return 1;
}

Explanation of the Program प्रोग्राम की व्याख्या

#include<stdio.h>

This header file is used for input-output functions like printf() and scanf().

यह header file printf() और scanf() जैसे input-output functions के लिए उपयोग होती है।

#include<conio.h>

This header file is used for console functions like clrscr() and getch().

यह header file clrscr() और getch() जैसे console functions के लिए उपयोग होती है।

int main()

This is the starting point of program execution.

यह program execution का प्रारंभिक बिंदु है।

float p,r,t,si;

These variables are declared to store:

Principal
Rate
Time
Simple Interest

इन variables का उपयोग निम्न values को store करने के लिए किया जाता है:

Principal
Rate
Time
Simple Interest

scanf()

This function accepts input from the user.

यह function user से input प्राप्त करता है।

si = prt/100;

This statement calculates simple interest.

यह statement simple interest की गणना करता है।

printf()

This function displays output on the screen.

यह function स्क्रीन पर output प्रदर्शित करता है।

Output Example

आउटपुट उदाहरण

Enter Principal, Rate and Time
1000
5
2
Simple Interest = 100.000000

Importance of Understanding Program Structure प्रोग्राम स्ट्रक्चर को समझने का महत्व

Understanding the structure of a C program helps students:

Write organized programs
Debug errors easily
Improve programming logic
Build modular applications
Understand software development fundamentals

C program structure को समझने से विद्यार्थी:

Organized programs लिख पाते हैं
Errors आसानी से debug कर पाते हैं
Programming logic बेहतर बना पाते हैं
Modular applications विकसित कर पाते हैं
Software development fundamentals समझ पाते हैं

The structure of a C program provides a systematic way to write efficient and understandable code. Every section of a C program has a specific purpose, and together they create a complete executable application. Learning program structure is the first step toward becoming a professional programmer.

C program की संरचना efficient और understandable code लिखने का व्यवस्थित तरीका प्रदान करती है। C program का प्रत्येक section एक विशेष कार्य करता है और सभी sections मिलकर एक complete executable application बनाते हैं। Program structure सीखना professional programmer बनने की पहली सीढ़ी है।

Next Topic:- Basic and Important C Programs महत्वपूर्ण एवं सामान्य सी प्रोग्राम (Sequential Structure Programs)

Features of C Language सी लैंग्वेज की विशेषताएँ, Applications of C Language सी लैंग्वेज के उपयोग

Features of C Language सी लैंग्वेज की विशेषताएँ:-

C language is one of the most powerful and widely used programming languages in the world. It is known for its speed, flexibility, portability, and hardware-level control. Due to its unique features, C language is still used in modern technologies such as operating systems, embedded systems, cybersecurity, robotics, artificial intelligence, and high-performance computing.

C लैंग्वेज दुनिया की सबसे शक्तिशाली और व्यापक रूप से उपयोग की जाने वाली प्रोग्रामिंग भाषाओं में से एक है। यह अपनी speed, flexibility, portability तथा hardware-level control के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। अपनी विशेषताओं के कारण C language आज भी operating systems, embedded systems, cybersecurity, robotics, artificial intelligence तथा high-performance computing जैसी आधुनिक technologies में उपयोग की जाती है।

1. General Purpose Programming Language

C is known as a General Purpose Programming Language because it can be used to develop different types of software applications. It is suitable for both small programs and large enterprise-level systems.

C को General Purpose Programming Language कहा जाता है क्योंकि इसका उपयोग विभिन्न प्रकार के software applications बनाने के लिए किया जा सकता है। यह छोटे programs से लेकर बड़े enterprise-level systems तक के लिए उपयुक्त है।

With C language, developers can create:

Application Software
System Software
Embedded Software
Database Systems
Networking Applications

C language की सहायता से डेवलपर निम्न प्रकार के software बना सकते हैं:

Application Software
System Software
Embedded Software
Database Systems
Networking Applications

2. Structured and Modular Programming Support

C language supports structured programming, which means large programs can be divided into smaller modules or functions. This makes programs easier to understand, debug, test, and maintain.

C language structured programming को support करती है, अर्थात बड़े programs को छोटे modules या functions में विभाजित किया जा सकता है। इससे programs को समझना, debug करना, test करना तथा maintain करना आसान हो जाता है।

Modular programming improves:

Code readability
Reusability
Program maintenance
Team collaboration

Modular programming से निम्न लाभ प्राप्त होते हैं:

Code readability
Reusability
Program maintenance
Team collaboration

3. Fast Execution Speed

Programs written in C language execute very fast because C directly interacts with system hardware and memory. C programs are compiled into machine code, which allows efficient CPU execution.

C language में लिखे गए programs बहुत तेज गति से execute होते हैं क्योंकि C सीधे system hardware और memory के साथ कार्य करती है। C programs machine code में compile होते हैं जिससे CPU उन्हें तेजी से execute करता है।

This feature makes C ideal for:

Operating Systems
Real-Time Systems
Game Engines
Embedded Devices

यह विशेषता C को निम्न क्षेत्रों के लिए उपयुक्त बनाती है:

Operating Systems
Real-Time Systems
Game Engines
Embedded Devices

4. Rich Standard Library समृद्ध लाइब्रेरी

C language provides a rich collection of built-in functions through its standard libraries. These libraries help programmers perform mathematical calculations, file handling, string operations, memory management, and input/output operations easily.

C language built-in functions का विशाल संग्रह प्रदान करती है जिन्हें standard libraries कहा जाता है। इन libraries की सहायता से programmer mathematical calculations, file handling, string operations, memory management तथा input/output operations आसानी से कर सकते हैं।

Important C libraries include:

stdio.h
stdlib.h
string.h
math.h
time.h

C की महत्वपूर्ण libraries हैं:

stdio.h
stdlib.h
string.h
math.h
time.h

5. Efficient Memory Management प्रभावी मेमोरी प्रबंधन

C language provides direct control over memory through pointers and dynamic memory allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free().

C language pointers तथा dynamic memory allocation functions जैसे malloc(), calloc(), realloc() और free() की सहायता से memory पर सीधा नियंत्रण प्रदान करती है।

Efficient memory management helps in:

Optimizing system performance
Reducing memory waste
Building high-performance applications

Efficient memory management से:

System performance बेहतर होती है
Memory waste कम होता है
High-performance applications बनाए जा सकते हैं

6. Pointer Support

Pointers are one of the most powerful features of C language. A pointer stores the memory address of another variable.

Pointers, C language की सबसे शक्तिशाली विशेषताओं में से एक हैं। Pointer किसी अन्य variable का memory address store करता है।

Pointers are used in:

Dynamic Memory Allocation
Arrays and Strings
Data Structures
System Programming
Hardware Communication

Pointers का उपयोग:

Dynamic Memory Allocation
Arrays और Strings
Data Structures
System Programming
Hardware Communication में किया जाता है।

7. Portable and Cross-Platform

C language is highly portable, meaning programs written in C can run on different operating systems and hardware architectures with minimal changes.

C language अत्यधिक portable है, अर्थात C में लिखा गया program बहुत कम परिवर्तन के साथ विभिन्न operating systems और hardware architectures पर चल सकता है।

C supports platforms such as:

Windows
Linux
macOS
Embedded Devices

C निम्न platforms को support करती है:

Windows
Linux
macOS
Embedded Devices

8. Supports System and Application Programming

C language supports both System Programming and Application Programming.

C language System Programming तथा Application Programming दोनों को support करती है।

Examples of system software:

Operating Systems
Device Drivers
Compilers

Examples of application software:

Text Editors
Database Applications
Utility Software

System Software के उदाहरण:

Operating Systems
Device Drivers
Compilers

Application Software के उदाहरण:

Text Editors
Database Applications
Utility Software

9. Extensible and Scalable

C language allows programmers to add new functions, libraries, and modules according to project requirements. Large-scale applications can also be developed efficiently in C.

C language programmer को project requirements के अनुसार नए functions, libraries और modules जोड़ने की सुविधा देती है। C में बड़े स्तर के applications भी efficiently विकसित किए जा सकते हैं।

This feature is useful in:

Enterprise Software
Game Engines
Scientific Applications

यह विशेषता निम्न क्षेत्रों में उपयोगी है:

Enterprise Software
Game Engines
Scientific Applications

10. Hardware Interaction Capability

C language provides low-level access to hardware resources, making it highly suitable for system-level programming and embedded systems.

C language hardware resources तक low-level access प्रदान करती है, जिससे यह system-level programming तथा embedded systems के लिए अत्यंत उपयुक्त बन जाती है।

C can directly interact with:

Memory Addresses
CPU Registers
Input/Output Devices
Microcontrollers

C सीधे निम्न से interact कर सकती है:

Memory Addresses
CPU Registers
Input/Output Devices
Microcontrollers

Applications of C Language सी लैंग्वेज के उपयोग:-

Today, C language is used in many advanced technological domains because of its speed, portability, efficiency, and hardware-level control.

आज C language अपनी speed, portability, efficiency तथा hardware-level control के कारण अनेक advanced technological domains में उपयोग की जाती है।

1. Operating Systems Development

Most modern operating systems such as UNIX, Linux, and parts of Windows are developed using C language.

UNIX, Linux तथा Windows के कुछ भाग जैसे आधुनिक operating systems C language में विकसित किए गए हैं।

2. Embedded Systems

C language is widely used in embedded systems such as smart TVs, washing machines, traffic control systems, and automotive electronics.

C language का उपयोग smart TVs, washing machines, traffic control systems तथा automotive electronics जैसे embedded systems में व्यापक रूप से किया जाता है।

3. Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT devices require lightweight and efficient programs, making C language ideal for IoT development.

IoT devices को lightweight और efficient programs की आवश्यकता होती है, इसलिए C language IoT development के लिए उपयुक्त है।

4. Artificial Intelligence Libraries

Many AI frameworks and machine learning libraries use C language internally for high-speed processing.

कई AI frameworks तथा machine learning libraries high-speed processing के लिए internally C language का उपयोग करती हैं।

5. Cybersecurity Tools

C language is used in penetration testing tools, antivirus software, malware analysis tools, and security frameworks.

C language का उपयोग penetration testing tools, antivirus software, malware analysis tools तथा security frameworks में किया जाता है।

6. Game Engines

Game engines require high performance and direct hardware interaction, which makes C suitable for game development.

Game engines को high performance तथा direct hardware interaction की आवश्यकता होती है, इसलिए C game development के लिए उपयुक्त है।

7. Compiler Design

Many compilers and interpreters are developed using C language because of its efficiency and low-level capabilities.

कई compilers और interpreters को C language में विकसित किया जाता है क्योंकि यह efficient तथा low-level capabilities प्रदान करती है।

8. Database Systems

Database management systems use C language for optimized data processing and storage management.

Database management systems optimized data processing तथा storage management के लिए C language का उपयोग करते हैं।

9. Network Programming

C language is widely used in socket programming, network servers, and communication protocols.

C language socket programming, network servers तथा communication protocols में व्यापक रूप से उपयोग की जाती है।

10. Robotics and Automation

Robotics systems require fast hardware communication and real-time processing, making C highly useful.

Robotics systems को fast hardware communication तथा real-time processing की आवश्यकता होती है, इसलिए C अत्यंत उपयोगी है।

11. High-Performance Computing

C language is used in scientific computing, simulations, and high-performance applications because of its execution speed.

C language का उपयोग scientific computing, simulations तथा high-performance applications में इसकी execution speed के कारण किया जाता है।

C language remains one of the most important programming languages in the modern technology world. Its powerful features and wide range of applications make it essential for programmers, software engineers, cybersecurity experts, embedded developers, and system architects.

C language आज भी आधुनिक तकनीकी दुनिया की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण programming languages में से एक है। इसकी शक्तिशाली विशेषताएँ तथा व्यापक उपयोग इसे programmers, software engineers, cybersecurity experts, embedded developers तथा system architects के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक बनाते हैं।

Next Topic:- Structure of C Program

History and Evolution of C Language सी लैंग्वेज का इतिहास एवं विकास

Introduction of C Language सी लैंग्वेज का परिचय

C language is one of the most influential and powerful programming languages in the history of computer science. It was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs. The language was mainly designed for developing the UNIX operating system and low-level system software. Over time, C became the foundation for many modern programming languages such as C++, Java, C#, Objective-C, and even parts of Python and JavaScript compilers.

सी लैंग्वेज कंप्यूटर विज्ञान के इतिहास की सबसे प्रभावशाली और शक्तिशाली प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज में से एक है। इसका विकास Dennis Ritchie द्वारा 1972 में Bell Labs में किया गया था। इस लैंग्वेज का निर्माण मुख्य रूप से UNIX ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम और सिस्टम सॉफ्टवेयर विकसित करने के लिए किया गया था। समय के साथ C लैंग्वेज आधुनिक भाषाओं जैसे C++, Java, C#, Objective-C तथा Python और JavaScript के कुछ भागों की आधारशिला बन गई।

Evolution of C Language सी लैंग्वेज का विकास

Before the invention of C language, programmers mainly used assembly language and earlier programming languages for system-level programming. The development journey of C language started from BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language), which was created by Martin Richards. Later, B language was developed by Ken Thompson at Bell Labs. Dennis Ritchie improved the features of B language and introduced advanced concepts to create C language.

सी लैंग्वेज के निर्माण से पहले प्रोग्रामर मुख्यतः Assembly Language तथा अन्य प्रारंभिक भाषाओं का उपयोग करते थे। C लैंग्वेज की विकास यात्रा BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) से शुरू हुई थी, जिसे Martin Richards ने विकसित किया था। इसके बाद Bell Labs में Ken Thompson द्वारा B Language बनाई गई। Dennis Ritchie ने B Language के फीचर्स को और उन्नत बनाकर C Language का निर्माण किया।

The evolution sequence can be understood as इसका विकास क्रम इस प्रकार समझा जा सकता है:

BCPL → B Language → C Language → C++ → Modern System Languages

Why C Language Became Popular सी लैंग्वेज लोकप्रिय क्यों बनी

C language became extremely popular because it combined the simplicity of high-level programming with the speed and efficiency of low-level programming. It provided programmers direct access to memory, hardware, and system resources while still maintaining readable and structured syntax.

C लैंग्वेज अत्यधिक लोकप्रिय इसलिए बनी क्योंकि इसमें High-Level Programming की सरलता और Low-Level Programming की गति एवं क्षमता दोनों मौजूद थीं। यह प्रोग्रामर को Memory, Hardware तथा System Resources तक सीधी पहुँच प्रदान करती है और साथ ही इसका Syntax सरल एवं Structured रहता है।

Some important reasons for its popularity are इसकी लोकप्रियता के प्रमुख कारण हैं:

Fast execution speed
Portable and cross-platform nature
Structured programming support
Efficient memory management
Easy integration with hardware
Foundation for operating systems and embedded systems

C as a Middle Level Language सी एक मिडिल लेवल लैंग्वेज के रूप में

C language is called a Middle Level Language because it contains the features of both High-Level Language and Low-Level Language. The syntax of C language is simple and similar to English language, making programs easy to read, write, and understand. This characteristic represents a High-Level Language.

सी लैंग्वेज को Middle Level Language कहा जाता है क्योंकि इसमें High-Level Language और Low-Level Language दोनों की विशेषताएँ मौजूद होती हैं। C लैंग्वेज का Syntax सरल होता है और यह English Language के समान दिखाई देता है, जिससे प्रोग्राम को पढ़ना, लिखना और समझना आसान हो जाता है। यह High-Level Language की विशेषता है।

At the same time, C language allows direct memory access, pointer manipulation, and hardware-level operations. Programs written in C are compiled and executed very fast, which represents the characteristics of Machine Language or Low-Level Language.

इसी के साथ C Language Memory Access, Pointer Manipulation और Hardware-Level Operations की सुविधा भी प्रदान करती है। C में लिखे गए प्रोग्राम बहुत तेज गति से Compile और Execute होते हैं, जो Machine Language या Low-Level Language की विशेषता है।

Therefore, because C language combines the advantages of both levels, it is known as a Middle Level Language.

अतः C Language में दोनों स्तरों की विशेषताएँ होने के कारण इसे Middle Level Language कहा जाता है।

C as a Powerful Programming Language सी एक शक्तिशाली प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज के रूप में

C language is considered a powerful programming language because it can be used for both Application Programming and System Programming. Developers can create various application software such as management systems, graphical tools, database applications, and utility software using C language.

C लैंग्वेज को एक शक्तिशाली प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज माना जाता है क्योंकि इसका उपयोग Application Programming और System Programming दोनों के लिए किया जा सकता है। डेवलपर्स C Language की सहायता से Management Systems, Graphical Tools, Database Applications और Utility Software जैसे अनेक Application Software बना सकते हैं।

C is also widely used in the development of operating systems, device drivers, compilers, embedded systems, robotics, network tools, and cybersecurity software. Due to its high performance and direct hardware interaction capability, C remains one of the most important languages in modern computing.

C का उपयोग Operating Systems, Device Drivers, Compilers, Embedded Systems, Robotics, Network Tools तथा Cybersecurity Software के विकास में भी व्यापक रूप से किया जाता है। इसकी High Performance और Hardware Interaction क्षमता के कारण C आज भी आधुनिक कंप्यूटिंग की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भाषाओं में से एक है।

Standardization of C Language सी लैंग्वेज का मानकीकरण

As C language became widely popular across the world, there was a need to standardize it to maintain compatibility between different systems and compilers. In 1989, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) officially standardized C language. Later, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted it as an international standard.

जब C Language पूरी दुनिया में लोकप्रिय होने लगी, तब विभिन्न Systems और Compilers के बीच Compatibility बनाए रखने के लिए इसे Standardize करने की आवश्यकता हुई। 1989 में American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ने इसे आधिकारिक रूप से Standard Language घोषित किया। बाद में International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ने भी इसे International Standard के रूप में स्वीकार किया।

Important versions of C language include सी लैंग्वेज के महत्वपूर्ण संस्करण हैं:

C89 / ANSI C
C90
C99
C11
C17
C18
Modern C23 Standard

C language is not only a historical programming language but also one of the strongest foundations of modern computing systems. Its balance of performance, portability, simplicity, and hardware-level control makes it highly valuable even in 2026 and beyond. Learning C language helps students understand the internal working of computers, operating systems, and modern software technologies.

C Language केवल एक ऐतिहासिक प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज नहीं है, बल्कि यह आधुनिक कंप्यूटिंग सिस्टम की सबसे मजबूत आधारशिलाओं में से एक है। इसकी Performance, Portability, Simplicity और Hardware-Level Control की विशेषताएँ इसे 2026 और भविष्य में भी अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण बनाती हैं। C Language सीखने से विद्यार्थियों को Computers, Operating Systems तथा आधुनिक Software Technologies की आंतरिक कार्यप्रणाली समझने में सहायता मिलती है।

Next Topic:- Features and Applications of C Language

Thursday, May 14, 2026

Overview of Compilation Stages

1️⃣ Preprocessing Stage

2️⃣ Compilation StageIn this stage, the compiler translates the preprocessed C code into assembly language.

3️⃣ Assembly Stage

4️⃣ Linking Stage

Example Program

Why Understanding Compilation is Important?

Common Errors During Compilation

5 MCQs (Exam Oriented)

1. Which stage handles macro expansion?

2. Object file extension in C is:

3. Which command generates assembly code?

4. Linking is responsible for:

5. Full compilation can be done using:

Topics Covered:

Wednesday, May 13, 2026

Formula of Simple Interest साधारण ब्याज का सूत्र

Algorithm एल्गोरिथ्म

Output आउटपुट

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

float p,r,t,si;

scanf()

si = (prt)/100;

printf()

Important Viva Questions महत्वपूर्ण Viva Questions

Q1. What is Simple Interest?

Q2. Which operator is used for multiplication in C?

Q3. Which header file is required for printf() and scanf()?

1. C Program to Calculate Simple Interest1. Simple Interest निकालने का C Program

Output:

2. C Program to Find ASCII Value of a Character2. Character का ASCII Value ज्ञात करने का Program

Output:

3. C Program to Find Area of Triangle using Heron’s Formula3. Heron’s Formula से Triangle का Area निकालने का Program

Output:

4. C Program for Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division4. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication एवं Division का Program

Output:

5. C Program to Find Area and Circumference of Circle5. Circle का Area एवं Circumference निकालने का Program

Output:

6. C Program to Swap Two Variables without Third Variable6. Third Variable के बिना Variables Swap करने का Program

Output:

7. C Program to Swap Two Variables using Third Variable7. Third Variable का उपयोग करके Variables Swap करने का Program

Output:

8. C Program to Find Square, Cube and Square Root8. Square, Cube एवं Square Root निकालने का Program

Output:

9. C Program to Calculate Gross Salary9. Gross Salary निकालने का Program

Output:

10. C Program to Convert Celsius into Fahrenheit10. Celsius को Fahrenheit में Convert करने का Program

Output:

11. C Program to Calculate Percentage of Five Subjects11. पाँच विषयों का Percentage निकालने का Program

Output:

12. C Program to Find Area of Rectangle12. Rectangle का Area निकालने का Program

Output:

13. C Program to Find Area of Square13. Square का Area निकालने का Program

Output:

14. C Program to Convert Days into Years, Months and Days14. Days को Years, Months और Days में Convert करने का Program

Output:

15. C Program to Find Average of Three Numbers15. तीन संख्याओं का Average निकालने का Program

Output:

Basic Structure of a C Program सी प्रोग्राम का मूल स्ट्रक्चर

1. Include Section

2. Global Constants and Macro Section

3. Function Declaration Section

4. Main Function Section

5. User-Defined Function Section

Example Program: Simple Interest

C Program for Simple Interest साधारण ब्याज निकालने का सी प्रोग्राम

File Name: si.c

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

float p,r,t,si;

scanf()

si = prt/100;

printf()

Output Example

आउटपुट उदाहरण

Features of C Language सी लैंग्वेज की विशेषताएँ:-

1. General Purpose Programming Language

2️⃣ Compilation Stage
In this stage, the compiler translates the preprocessed C code into assembly language.

1. C Program to Calculate Simple Interest
1. Simple Interest निकालने का C Program

2. C Program to Find ASCII Value of a Character
2. Character का ASCII Value ज्ञात करने का Program

3. C Program to Find Area of Triangle using Heron’s Formula
3. Heron’s Formula से Triangle का Area निकालने का Program

4. C Program for Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division
4. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication एवं Division का Program

5. C Program to Find Area and Circumference of Circle
5. Circle का Area एवं Circumference निकालने का Program

6. C Program to Swap Two Variables without Third Variable
6. Third Variable के बिना Variables Swap करने का Program

7. C Program to Swap Two Variables using Third Variable
7. Third Variable का उपयोग करके Variables Swap करने का Program

8. C Program to Find Square, Cube and Square Root
8. Square, Cube एवं Square Root निकालने का Program

9. C Program to Calculate Gross Salary
9. Gross Salary निकालने का Program

10. C Program to Convert Celsius into Fahrenheit
10. Celsius को Fahrenheit में Convert करने का Program

11. C Program to Calculate Percentage of Five Subjects
11. पाँच विषयों का Percentage निकालने का Program

12. C Program to Find Area of Rectangle
12. Rectangle का Area निकालने का Program

13. C Program to Find Area of Square
13. Square का Area निकालने का Program

14. C Program to Convert Days into Years, Months and Days
14. Days को Years, Months और Days में Convert करने का Program

15. C Program to Find Average of Three Numbers
15. तीन संख्याओं का Average निकालने का Program